Why People Commit Crimes - 933 Words

Crime has been around for as long as humans have had law. It is an unavoidable part of our society. A question that has been under study for almost the same amount of time is the issue of why people commit crimes. What is the motivation behind criminals and their behavior? Many theories have been made for different situations and types of criminals. These theories can also be applied to crimes that occur in movies. For the film, Lawless, neutralization theory can be applied to a lot of the happenings. The film, Lawless, is based on the novel The Wettest County in the World, which dramatizes true events that took place in Franklin country, Virginia during the prohibition era. The three Bondurant brothers and their illegal bootlegging business are the main focus of the story, with the middle child, Forest, as the main ring leader. The story starts out with the brothers just delivering to their some regular loyal customers, many of which include the police. Then, a new deputy moves into town and is determined to shut down all the bootlegging in the area. In the name of the law, the new deputy effectively shuts down all of the bootleggers except for the Bondurant brothers by a variety of means, including violence. The brothers, meanwhile, manage to extend their business across county lines. There is a series of physical attacks by the deputy on people including other bootleggers, family of the Bondurant brothers, and the youngest of the brothers himself. The event ofShow MoreRelatedWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very important in the ongoing debate on how crime should be handled or committed. Several criminological theories that best describe the cause for juvenile delinquency is social disorganization, strain, socialRead MoreWhy People Commit Crimes1403 Words   |  6 Pagesperson has it own opinion. Crime is the human conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws, according with Schmalleger. The criminal behavior is the antisocial acts that a person commits for different reasons. This means that the person violated laws constantly for a long or short time period. There are many reasons why criminals commit crimes. Some of the criminals commit crimes for necessity, others forRead MoreWhy People Commit Crimes?1255 Words   |  6 PagesWhy People Commit Crimes Author: admin Monday, 22 Sep 2014 It is known that people commit crimes for various reasons, such as social factors, economic and cultural reasons. All these factors have negative impact on the individuals and trigger them to be involved in criminal activities. For example, social factors are focused on the role of society in the life of an individual. The reasons of many crimes are concluded in peer pressure, school failure, prejudices and stereotyping, etc. Economic reasonsRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime?1417 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout History, there have been many speculations as to why people commit crime. Criminologists, Psychologists, Sociologists and even Biologists have all, at one time or another claimed to have an explanation. However, there is one underlying explanation that has been maintained across centuries, presented by various theorists, and to this day, is widely perceived as truthful. That is the explanation that a certain propensity to commit crime exists within the lower classes of society that does notRead MoreWhy People Commit The Crimes2635 Words   |  11 Pages Introduction There are many different theories out there of why people commit the crimes they do. In fact there are several theories that are apart of the different aspects of those theories. For hundreds of years people have been trying to figure out what causes people to engage in deviant behavior. It has been a field that has changed the way it has looked at why criminals commit the crimes that they do. The theory that I am going to be covering in this paper is that of the Strain TheoryRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime? Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pageswhen offenders desist, or stop, committing crime. Desistance from crime exists when an individual has an absence of criminal behavior in their lives for a sustained period of time. By studying desistance, there is a better understanding of what causes individuals to commit crime; as well as, a better understanding as to why certain individuals discontinue their lives of crime. The criminal justice field often encompasses, serving justice by locking people up and keeping the â€Å"bad guys† away from theRead MoreWhy People Commit Crime? Essay1825 Words   |  8 Pagesexplain crime; some focus on why people commit crime, others focus on why people do not commit crime. A major flaw with the existing criminological theories is the fact that every theory attempts to explain a large number of criminal acts. In fact, crime cannot be explained by one theory alone; it is the combination of several theories and ideas that explains why crime exists, and these theories cannot be applied to all crime as a whole; rather, they are best used when applied to certain crimes in combinationRead MoreThe Reasons Why People Commit Crime1659 Words   |  7 Pages There are many reason why people commit crime. Many people have created theories on why people commit crime and how to reduce the crime rates. People commit crime due to constant strain. They, also, commit crime because they are constantly exposed to definitions that favor c rime. For example, some people have parents that are criminal due to their parents being criminals and still around them the child would not view crime as bad or harmful. People, also, may commit crime because they have weekRead MoreWhy to People Commit Crimes? Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesPeople commit crimes for various reasons. These various reasons got to do with social, economic, and cultural reason. These factors trigger an individual to do criminal activities. Social reasons are peer pressure, and school failure. Economic reasons are poverty. Cultural reasons are hatred. The combination of these factors is behind a person who commits crimes. To start with, people commit crime because of social reasons. The social reasons are poor parenting skills, peer influence, drugsRead MoreWhy Do People Commit Crime?1300 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do people commit crime? Identify and explore 3 theories of crime and evaluate their key strengths and weaknesses Discuss the role of rehabilitation in the justice system (using three theories of crime to back up) The Oxford Dictionary defines a crime as an action or omission, which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law . Criminological studies look into why individuals commit crime and why they behave the way they do in certain situations. By understanding this, one is able to

Whole Foods Market Is Responsible For Protection Of Human...

Introduction About Whole Foods Market Whole Foods Market is a supermarket chain launched in 1980 and is the first certified organic grocer in the United States. They are a growing chain with 462 locations all around the world as of 2016 with more than 90,000 employees. Whole Foods underpinning culture is to sell the highest quality of organic products to meet the needs of every customers, while supporting their team members value. Introduction to the Topic Whole Foods received a warning letter from Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) and paid $3.5 million fine to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in June and September of 2016. FDA is responsible for regulating food, dietary supplements, drugs, biological medical products etc. EPA is†¦show more content†¦Specific details about their violations are listed as well. It also mentions what Whole Foods response was upon receiving the warning letter. Summary of â€Å"Whole Foods Must Clean Up Its Act, FDA says† FDA found Listeria at multiple manufacturing facilities of Whole Foods and found out ready-to-eat foods such as pesto pasta, egg salad, and quesadilla were being prepared under insanitary conditions. Inspectors took 100 environmental samples on surfaces where food touches and surfaces that doesn’t and found Listeria on food contact surfaces. It also mentions how Whole Foods response and solutions weren’t accepted as appropriate at first. Summary of â€Å"Whole Foods Strike 3.5 million deal with EPA over wastes† As part of the deal with EPA, Whole Foods will pay $3.5 million in penalty and run a program to promote hazardous waste compliance as an environmental project. The company will carefully look at possible hazardous items such as bleach, fluorescent bulbs, nail polish remover and more to prevent from repeating the same mistake. Whole Foods has hired experts, updated environmental compliance standard, and invested in an information technology system. Analysis Position Mapping Analysis of Position Map A position map (aka perception map) is a visual tool developed by aShow MoreRelatedFood And Drug Act Of 19061565 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and hasRead MoreFood And Drug Act Of 19061565 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughou t the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and hasRead MoreTe The Mission And Vision1702 Words   |  7 PagesDrinks 1. Herbal drink 2. Ceylon tea The mission and vision Vision To become the leading brand in Sri Lankan food dining, home delivery and catering market in New Zealand. Mission Always leading the market and enlightening customers, being known for an uncompromising attitude to creating the highest quality Sri Lankan food, using the freshest Sri Lankan ingredients, and providing a service delivery that is efficient, fun and friendly, exceeding customer expectation every time (sumeda dilumRead MoreAmazons Career Choice Program1117 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding its social behavior. The organization is acting in a socially responsible way, by beginning a process in which the company goes completely carbon neutral across all of the company’s operations. Furthermore, each business unit will be responsible for its behavior. If the process fails Microsoft will lose a lot of money because it is a huge corporation. The program Microsoft is trying to achieve is good for the environment and makes the company looks good to the public (Grgurich, 2012). AmazonRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms Into Modern Society1611 Words   |  7 Pagesdiseases brought on by lack of food or malnutrition in developing societies are much too serious for people to neglect or shy away from a relatively new potentially world saving biotechnology. Of course this technology has a chance to be detrimental to our own health and environment, but there are no current tests/experiences done to support that claim. There is only data to suggest the opposite; that this technology is going to be a huge benefit to humanity as a whole. Genetically modified organismsRead MoreOur Nutrition And Food We Eat1251 Words   |  6 PagesHuman health is one of the most significant and important thing in our lives. Without a proper health we can’t enjoy the numerous and extraordinary wonders of life, we can’t even enjoy the basic instincts of our lives without proper health. Our nutrition and food we eat plays a significant role in developing our health and energizing our bodies to face the daily physical challenges that we encounter. The parts of wellbeing are distinctive and their associations are quite complex. The wellbeing ofRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Mcdonald s The World s Largest Chain Of Hamburger Fast Food Restaurants1014 Words   |  5 Pages Tiffany SFB1 McDonald’s is the world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries across 35,000 outlets. This company has joined the CSR program and be more socially responsible such as doing charity,promoting healthy eating and improving sporting opportunities in some local school. Some people believe that this attempt is beneficial for such a firm. Therefore, I partly agree with this statement. CSR (Corporate SocialRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Impact On The Environment1622 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever wondered whether or not the foods we eat are safe? Nowadays, more than 70% of our products on food shelves contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Through the groundbreaking discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by scientists James Watson and Francis Crick, in 1953, many scientists are now able to edit and reconstruct genes in foods as basic as rice, meat, and corn, to name a few. GMOs should be banned in the United States because of their environmental, socialRead MoreThe Implications Of Genetically Modified Foods1422 Words   |  6 PagesAlvin Toffler. In the 1980s, a new science field was developed called Genetic Modification (GM) or Genetic Engineering for uncountable purposes. One of the applications was to create food crops that are altered in a way to be beneficial to the producer or the consumer. Genetically modifi ed foods could be defined as foods derived from organisms which their genetic material has been altered in a way that does not naturally occur, through the insertion of a gene form a different organism. Genetic modificationRead MoreIn 1953, Scientists James Watson And Francis Crick Revealed1590 Words   |  7 Pagesand alter genes in foods such as tomatoes, milk, and corn. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) should be banned in the United States because of their environmental, social, and economical consequences. GMOs should be banned because of their harsh impact on the environment. They are causing biodiversity loss, affecting organic agriculture, and inhibiting sustainable agriculture. In his book, Beyond Evolution: The Genetically Altered Future of Plants, Animals, the Earth and Humans, Bioethicist Dr.

Norm Development in Outsourcing Relationships

Question: Discuss about the Norm Development in Outsourcing Relationships. Answer: Introduction: According to Jaworski (2003) in the article Fund Managers Share Outsourcing Strategies: Communications, business outsourcing can be defined as the process of subletting a portion of the supply chain to either an offshore or a nearshore service provider with the main aim of reducing the costs associated with production. The author also admits that this strategy plays a crucial role in reducing the time taken for raw materials to pass through the various stages of manufacturing. Outsourcing is a strategy which has majorly been used by manufacturing companies in a bid to expand the scope of their operations. As noted by Roger Gill (2003) in Change ManagementOr Change Leadership?, the process of outsourcing can be categorized into either front office outsourcing or back office outsourcing. While front office outsourcing involves processes such as contact center services, back office outsourcing majorly involves processes which take place within the internal business environment. These pr ocesses may include accounting, finance as well as the human resource fraternity. Randy (2000) in Making Changes, further highlights the two types of outsourcing which include offshore and nearshore outsourcing. As discussed by the author, offshore outsourcing is the process of contracting a business process to a service provider who is based outside the country where the contracting company is located. On the other hand, near shore outsourcing involves subletting a section of the supply chain or a business process to a service provider who is locally based. An organization chooses the type of outsourcing to use depending on the size of its structure and nature of its strategies. For instance, a multinational corporation for instance Ford or Coca Cola is likely to use offshore outsourcing as a way of reducing its production cost. Monika Rola (2002) in Secrets to Successful Outsourcing Arrangements gives the example of Coca Cola which has gained dominance over the global market basically through aggregation and arbitration strategies like outsourcing and networking. The company works with bottlers based in different countries and outsources the process of packaging and branding to them. As such, the organization mainly manufactures the coke drink in addition to other beverages and transports the products to the contracted service provider for the final process within then manufacturing chain. According to Sean (2002) in his article Lets Make a Deal, it is a vital requirement for every organization to make the right considerations before outsourcing its processes to an outside vendor. Despite the fact that outsourcing comes with a number of benefits to the organization, it is also a fact worth noting that there are various disadvantages associated with this strategy. Thomas and Keith (2002) points out one of the advantages of outsourcing in their article Norm Development in Outsourcing Relationships, according to the author, outsourcing increases the swiftness of the production, manufacturing or supplying process. This is because the processes are always outsourced to individuals with good experience in the related field in addition to the readily available resources used by the vendors. The availability of skills and enough resources consequently increase the speed with which the processes are conducted hence reducing the time taken to complete the business processes. Thi s in turn lowers the cost of production. Adler (2003) in Making the HR outsourcing decision also points out that outsourcing increases the precision and efficiency with which the business process is carried out. This is because the processes are always outsourced to vendors who have the necessary expertise and are therefore specialists in their fields. With the right knowledge in their areas of operation the outside providers tend to offer the best they can hence leading to efficiency in production. According to Aubert, Rivard and Patry (1996) in their article A transaction cost approach to outsourcing behavior: Some empirical evidence, outsourcing business processes especially the supporting ones enable the company to concentrate on the core business processes. When companies have more time to concentrate on the core processes, the management is able to come up with and hence install the right strategies which could help in strengthening the main business processes. As a result, the level of production is likely to escalate leading to higher returns. Chakrabarty (2006) in Making sense of the sourcing and shoring maze - The various Outsourcing offshoring alternatives discuss another core benefit that comes with outsourcing business processes. As noted by the author, one of the major factors considered by a business organization before starting a project or process is the risk that would be associated with the venture. Analysis the risks involved is a vital step in ensuring minimal losses involved in the process of production. One approach of risk management is diversification. Outsourcing is therefore an appropriate platform through which the organization shares the risk with the outside vendors. Dewire (2000) in Application service providers further points out that outsourcing is always done to specialists who in turn put in place the right mitigating factors which are aimed at minimizing the associated risks. In a nut shell, subletting certain components of a business process plays a pivotal role in shifting the responsibilities and hence the associated risks to the outsourced service provides. Business process outsourcing therefore enables an organization to share the risks involved in these processes with the contracted parties. As noted b Keller, Gerhard and Thomas (1998) in SAP R/3 Process-Oriented Implementation, one of core advantages of outsourcing is the fact that the strategy goes a long way in reducing cost not only involved in production but also the expenses that would involve recruiting and hiring new employees for the specific projects. As noted by the authors, once a process has been outsourced to an outside vendor, the company is relieved of the need to employ individuals to take care of the responsibilities. As a result, the cost that would have involved recruiting new members into the human resource is greatly reduced. This amount can then be directed to develop other components of the chain within the organization. As noted by Kakabadse (2002) in the article Trends in Outsourcing: Contrasting USA and Europe, outsourcing plays a crucial role in enhancing the flexibility of an organization. This serves as one of the main benefits of this management strategy. By identifying the various support processes which would best be handled through outsourcing, the company is able to create more time and resources for other major components. Outsourcing which more or less involves sharing of roles relieves the organization in a number of ways hence allowing for flexibility. As pointed out by Tas and Sunder (2004) in Financial Services Business Process Outsourcing, the company which outsources its processes is able to initiate and oversee various business projects at the same time. In the case of multinational organizations, outsourcing enables the organization to easily gain entry into the global market arena. This is because the outsourcing, in most cases, is done to vendors who are based in the host country. Since they outside vendors have a better understanding of the market in which they currently operate, they are well in a position to establish the best market entry strategies. This eventually leads to good sales owing to the stable market for the products. Disadvantages of BPO According to Chaturvedi and Gulati (2004) in the article Information systems outsourcing: Issues and evidence, despite the numerous advantages which come with outsourcing, there are various disadvantages which could be associated with the management approach. As noted by the author, there is the risk of the outsourcing company compromising the confidentiality of its data. This happens mostly when a business organization is involved in information system outsourcing, outsourcing the human resource, services of recruitment as well as the payroll. It can therefore be deduced that outsourcing may expose a companys crucial information to a third party. The party may therefore use this opportunity to initiate a destructive strategy owing to the rising level of competition for a share of the market. Peric (2006) in the article, Bridging the gap: Complex adaptive knowledge management notes that the process of outsourcing may become a challenge to an organization when it comes to synchronizing the deliverables. The authors note that some of the processes are easier managed internally and hence outsourcing them may minimize the companys control over the eventual output as the entire responsibility is left for the outside vendors. In cases where the outside vendors are not competitive enough, there is the likelihood of occurrence of poor final output in in addition to an increase in the time taken to complete the process. This becomes a major challenge especially due to the fact that once a responsibility has been outsourced to an outside vendor; it becomes a major challenge for the outsourcing organization to regulate the outcome. The author then summarizes this discussion by recommending that an organization ought to factor in the various related risks before outsourcing a busines s process. Through this strategy, it is possible to identify the processes that can be easily regulated within the business hence no need for outsourcing. He emphasizes that the process of outsourcing ought to maximize the gain to the organization as much as possible while minimizing any associated risks and losses. Joshi (2013) in Management Information Systems highlights the aspect of hidden costs as the other challenge associated with outsourcing business processes. Most reviews reveal the fact that outsourcing business processes is a relatively cost-effective approach in completing the flow in business processes. However, Joshi notes that there are other costs which the organization incurs especially when signing contracts which could pose a threat to its financial wellbeing. This happens mainly in the process of offshore outsourcing where the contract involves service providers operating on international fonts. The process involving the signing of such contracts involves a number of formal stages some of which may end up being quite costly to the outsourcing organization. As a result, subletting business processes to overseas service providers ought to be done on the backdrop of a careful analysis and hence consideration of the costs and benefits that would be involved. For instance, throug h financial projections, the organization can compare the cost of initiating such contracts to the expected return on investment in order to establish the possibility of gaining from the venture. Sullivan, (2004) in the article Heavyweight Retailer Looks Inward to Stay Innovative in Business Technology outlines the aspect of lack of focus on an organizations customers as the other disadvantage associated with outsourcing business processes. As noted by the author, the fact that the outside vendors are experts in their relevant fields makes them the point of focus for most organizations. As a result, these service providers can be contracted to several organizations at the same time. This may work against an organization since the vendors may not necessarily focus on the organizations customers but primarily on accomplishing their contractual obligations. For instance, when the Coca Cola Company outsources the process of packaging and branding to the bottling companies in the designated global spots, the vendors are most likely to concentrate on packaging and branding the products. However, the outsider service providers are likely to take part in promoting the companys produc ts which may result in the instability of the companys market. When the market is destabilized, an opportunity is given to the competitors to emergence and hence overturn an organizations dominance in a given market area. According to Freeman (2010) in Strategic management: a stakeholder approach, an organizations choice on the type of outsourcing to be used ought to be based on a number of factors each of which are meant to establish the effectiveness of the process. By thoroughly considering the necessary factors, an organization is able to establish the associated benefits as well as the risks that would accompany the process. The author emphasizes that business process outsourcing ought to be as cost effective as possible to the outsourcing organization. Additionally, the process ought to be accompanied by the least of risks. From the above literature review, it is possible to deduce and hence summarize the advantages of outsourcing. The strategy is cost effective and improves the companys flexibility. At the same time, outsourcing gives room for the sharing of risks in addition to reducing the time taken to complete the related organizational processes. Additionally, the review equally reveals that outsourcing enables an organization to concentrate on the core business processes after outsourcing the supporting ones. On the other hand, there are a number of risks associated with outsourcing for instance, the organization risks exposing its confidential data to a third party. At the same time, there are a number of hidden costs which could be associated with outsourcing especially when the strategy involves offshore outsourcing. The organization may find it a challenge regulating the business processes once they have been outsourced hence minimal influence on the outcome which may be bad in some cases. Fi nally, there is lack of focus on the organizations customers especially when the outside vendors are contracted to several other companies. References Adler, P. (2003) Making the HR outsourcing decision. MIT Sloan Management Review, 45(1), 53-60. Aubert, B., Rivard, S. and Patry, M. (1996) A transaction cost approach to outsourcing behavior: Some empirical evidence. Information Management, 30(2), 51-64. Chakrabarty, S. (2006) Making sense of the sourcing and shoring maze - The various outsourcing offshoring alternatives. Journal of Outsourcing offshoring in the 21st Century. 2(1), pp. 4-18. Chaturvedi, A. and Gulati, R. (2004) Information systems outsourcing: Issues and evidence, International Journal of Information Management 14(4), pp. 252- 268. Dewire, T. (2000) Application service providers. Information Systems Management, 17(4), 14-19. Freeman, R. (2010) Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gill, R. (2003) Change Management or Change Leadership?Journal of Change Management 2(1), pp. 307318. Gilley, A. (2000) Making More by Doing Less: An Analysis of Outsourcing and its Effects on Firm Performance. Journal of Management, 26 (4), pp. 763-790. Jaworski, A.(2003) Fund Managers Share Outsourcing Strategies: Communications Key. Operations Management, 6(1), pp. 1-4. Joshi, G. (2013) Management Information Systems. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Kakabadse. N. (2002) Trends in Outsourcing: Contrasting USA and Europe. European Management Journal 20(2), pp. 189198. Keller, G. (2008) SAP R/3 Process-Oriented Implementation. New York: Addison Wesley Longman. Monika, R (2002) Secrets to Successful Outsourcing Arrangements. Computing Canada.12(1), pp. 4-12. Peric, O. (2006) Bridging the gap: Complex adaptive knowledge management. Strategic Management, 14(1), pp. 654-668. Randy, G (2000) Making Changes. Executive Excellence. 2(1), pp. 23-25. Sullivan, L. (2004) Heavyweight Retailer Looks Inward to Stay Innovative in Business Technology. InformationWeek, 27(1), pp. 12-16. Sean, D. (2002) Lets Make a Deal. Network Computing, 2(1), pp. 5256. Tas, J. and Sunder, S. (2004) Financial Services Business Process Outsourcing. Communications of the ACM, 47(5), pp. 2-7. Thomas, K. and Keith, B (2002) Norm Development in Outsourcing Relationships. Journal of Information Technology 17(1), pp. 3342.

Valentines Day free essay sample

Valentine’s Day is one of the sweetest holidays, which always happens on February 14th. The story on how this holiday came about was, Valentine was a priest who had worked in Rome during the rule of Emperor Claudius the 2nd. The emperor made a rule up that states, soldiers could not get married, and as he thought this made them weaker. Valentine did not like it so he performed secret weddings for couples. Later on, they had caught him and sentenced him to death. Before the time came he had died, he wrote a letter to an unknown women he himself had strong feelings for. The letter was signed â€Å"from your Valentine. † February 14th came and it has been said, that’s the day he died. After he died, the church made him saint for upholding the divine right of marriage and made him the patron saint of lovers and made February 14th St. We will write a custom essay sample on Valentines Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Valentine’s Day. Some people believe that Valentine’s Day was invented by the chocolate to make more money and others believe it is another holiday to show even more love to the one’s you love or care about. So I asked junior; Mya Brewer a few questions like, â€Å"What’s the sweetest gesture or gift that anybody has done for you on Valentine’s? † Her mom had surprised her with a necklace and a ring, plus one of her friends took her out to the movies for the night. â€Å"What would you like to do this Valentine’s Day? † She replied with, she would love to go to Great Wolf Lodge. â€Å"What does Valentine’s Day mean to you? † It is the time when you spend with the one’s that you like and love. â€Å"If you could have any gift or anything done for you on Valentine’s Day, what would it be? † She said, a whole lot of chocolates and as well as a nice little shopping spree. This day happens once a year, but is special to many people around the world. If one thinks about it, Valentine’s Day should be celebrated every day because of the spending time with the ones that’s means a lot to you and just doing good deeds Valentines Day free essay sample Valentines Day is a day to express your love, and to celebrate the spirit of love. Every year, the fourteenth day of the month of February has millions across the world presenting their loved ones with candy, flowers, chocolates and other lovely gifts. In many countries, restaurants and eateries are seen to be filled with couples who are eager to celebrate their relationship and the joy of their togetherness through delicious cuisines. There hardly seems to be a young man or woman who is not keen to make the most of the day. History of Valentine’s Day The word Valentine has two meanings. It can imply a card sent or given to a sweetheart) on Saint Valentines Day. It can also indicate any particular person, especially a sweetheart, chosen to receive a greeting on Saint Valentines Day. Both implications of the word come from a time long long ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Valentines Day or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At a turbulent period of Roman History, when a crumbling Roman empire was facing hostilities from all sides, the country needed valiant soldiers who would be ruthless and able to lay down their lives for the cause of the motherland. Emperor Claudius II felt that marriage was becoming a serious impediment in building a strong national defence as married soldiers felt disinclined to stay away from home for a long time. He issued an edict forbidding marriage to assure quality soldiers. But a kindly priest Valentine came to the rescue of young Romans and secretly married them off. But this good time was not long to last for Claudius II soon got wind of Valentines actions and had him arrested. Though initially impressed by Valentines personality and courage, the emperor tried to force his order on him and is even said to have attempted to convert him. When Valentine refused to obey both royal orders, the incensed emperor ordered his execution. While awaiting his sentence in prison, Valentine is believed to have restored the sight of the jailors daughter with his reported mystical powers. This earned him the friendship of the jailor Asterius as well as his daughter. A little time before his death, Valentine is said to have asked for a pen and paper from his jailor, and wrote a farewell message to Asterius daughter signing it as From Your Valentine, a phrase that lived ever after. The Roman Empire was soon to fall, and its end brought everything back to normalcy. The people never forgot Valentine and they created a holiday in memory of their loving priest. Along with Valentines Day, the tradition of sending personal messages also gained popularity among love birds and such handwritten notes of love came to be known as Valentine, a name drawn from the signature of Valentines last letter to Asterius daughter. The first modern valentines reportedly became popular from the early 15th century. Following his defeat in the battle of Agincourt, the young French Duke of Orleans was captured and confined in the Tower of London for many years. During his captivity, he wrote many poems to his wife. About sixty of these remain and have been preserved among the royal papers in the British Museum. When printers came in use, a limited number of cards with verses and sketches began to be produced. However, these were smaller and costlier than the handmade cards which were oversized but economical and elaborate. By the 18th century, it became a common practice in England to exchange hand-made cards on Valentines Day. People began to create valentine cards for their sweethearts by themselves out of lace or ribbons, and featuring cupids and hearts. Gradually, the American colonies took on the tradition. But it only during the 1840s that Valentines Day greeting cards began to be commercially produced in the U. S. The first American Valentines Day greeting cards were created by Esther A. Howlanda Mount Holyoke, a graduate and native of Worcester. Mass. Regarded as the Mother of the Valentine, Howland made elaborate Valentine cards with real lace, ribbons and colorful pictures known as scrap. It was only with Howlands mass production of the Valentine cards that the custom gained popularity in the United States. With a reduction in postal rates in the early 19th century, the production of Valentines got a greater thrust. It also helped establish the custom of sending anonymous messages or cards to those one admired. In the 21st century, Valentines Day has become one of the major holidays in the world, especially in the U. S. where it has spawned a multimillion dollar greeting card industry. As per a survey by the Greeting Card Association, 25% of all cards sent each year in the U. S. are Valentines. This is another evidence of the ever increasing popularity of the Valentines, that are seen by many as an extension of the old love letters. A message of love, that is what the Valentine is. Try sending one to your special someone on this Valentines Day. Valentine’s Day in United States In the United States and  Canada, Valentine’s Day is an extremely popular festival. Here, the day is observed as a holiday. Originally held to honor St Valentine and express love to sweethearts, the scope of the day has come to be so widened that it has now become an occassion to express gratitude and love to not only sweethearts and spouses, but also to teachers, parents or any other close relation or acquaintance. The modern celebrations of the day sees people complementing their dear ones with gifts that include popular items as cards, fresh flowers like rose, chocolates and candies. Dinner and dance parties are specially organized all over the country to celebrate the occasion. Many couples hold private celebrations in homes or restaurants and  gift flowers, a box of candy, or some other present to one another. Sending candies on Valentines Day has been a very popular tradition and it still is. Most valentine candy boxes are heart-shaped and tied with red ribbon. These contain tiny pastel-colored candies shaped like hearts with some lovely messages like Be Mine, or Thank You printed on them. In the US, children celebrate Valentines Day with great enthusiasm. In keeping with their interest, many schools hold Valentines Day programmes where little students perform songs, dance, skits and plays. Kids handcraft gifts and cards on this occassion and present them to their friends and teachers. In some schools, the children organize a classroom party and put all the valentines into a box they have decorated. The celebration culminates with a teacher or child distributing the cards. Older students construct candy baskets and gifts, and place on them cards trimmed with hearts and cupids. They also organize dances and parties. A ollective endeavor is made to make the day a special one. Valentine’s Day in Romania In Romania, Valentine’s Day was not traditionally celebrated on 14th February, as in the rest of the world. For a long time, the country celebrated its love festival on 24th February, which is known as Dragobete in the local language. Dragobete, the son of Dochia,  was a mythological deity in Romania, similar to Eros or Cup id. He was a handsome man who liked to indulge in love affairs. He used to celebrate his love affairs, a tradition that was picked up later by the Romanian youth. The youngsters in the country would meet to celebrate this day and have made the tradition last for so long. There is also a belief held by some that birds got engaged on this day and since birds are considered to be the messengers of god in Romania, the day also holds a deep significance for the people of this country. There is a common belief in Romania that those who participate in Dragobete festivities are protected against sickness for the entire year. Traditionally, on this day, young Romanians used to dress in their Sunday dresses and meet in the center of the village or in front of the church. They used to go singing, if the weather was good, look for snowdrops or other spring flowers, tell stories and play games. The present day Valentine’s Day celebrations borrow heavily from the traditions of the past. In the recent times, the Romanians have begun to celebrate their Valentine’s Day on 14th February, just like most of the other countries in the world. Romanians celebrate this day by giving gifts to their loved one. Cards and flowers are given to make each other feel special and wanted. Gift baskets are also common. Young lovers treat their mates in a very special way, on this romantic occasion. It is not uncommon to find people going out for a movie or candle light dinner with their valentine Craft making and cooking special meals are also some of the common Valentine’s Day activities. Lovers try homemade crafts to give personalized gifts to their partner. Mostly, valentine couples are seen restaurants, parks, and other Romanian hotspots. Some couples are in a holiday mood and haunt the beautiful Romanian getaways to celebrate the day privately, in the company of their beloved and beautiful locales. The youngsters, who do not find their valentine, spend the day in the company of their friends, relatives and family. The celebration of Valentines Day is not  limited  to lovers but includes any and everyone loved by us, be it our  parents, siblings, children, friends, relatives or dear ones. Popular conception and lopsided media  promotion  has resulted in Valentines Day being widely regarded only as a day for lovers. And yet, the occasion is not so. In its true sense, Valentines Day celebrates  love. The festival is a celebration of  love. Think clear and think hard and you are sure to arrive at the conclusion that Saint Valentine stood up to defend  love  and not romantic partners.

Term Paper Writing Help

Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help Term Paper Writing Help As a college or university student, you have to complete writing assignments of numerous courses in economics, science, technology, management, etc.   Every tutor has his own rules and instructions for term paper writing.  However, if you are assigned to write a literary term paper, for example, the first thing you should remember is that your paper should be focused on a specific text.   Your task is to conduct a research and find out what the critics say about the text you have chosen and the author of it.   The main purpose of term paper writing is to conduct a research and find out supporting information to prove your assumptions and ideas.   While writing a literary term paper, you should use approximately 10 sources in addition to primary text.   Nevertheless, the number of secondary sources depends on term paper topic and the requirements of your tutor.   Once you have collected all necessary sources, you need to write a literature review. While writing a term paper body, you should discuss and analyze the topic.   Keep in mind that analysis is not a summary of the main points.   You should include opinion of different authors and include information from relevant studies and experiments.   If you are writing a term paper on literary text, you should dissect the text and find interesting points for discussion.   Most of the tutors prefer usage of MLA writing and referencing style.   While writing a term paper, you should cite all of the sources used and cited for term paper writing.   Make sure to follow the required citation format.   Include works cited page at the end of the paper.   Works cited list should include all of the sources cited in term paper.   Do not forget that all of the sources should be arranged in alphabetical order. Term Paper Writing Help Some tips on term paper format: It should have one-inch margins on all sides. Paragraphs must be indented half an inch. Term paper should be double-spaced. It should include quotations, notes, and the list of works cited. The title page isn't necessary for academic term paper. Type your name, your instructor's name, the course name and number, and the date at the top of the first page. Term Paper Writing Service If you are not sure how to start writing your term paper, you may ask our writers for assistance and we will write an impressive term paper for you.   to write a good term paper on any topic and of any academic level.   Do not hesitate to place an order and you will be very impressed with the high quality of our writing services!

The red convertible Essays

The red convertible Essays The red convertible Paper The red convertible Paper Essay Topic: Love Medicine Louise Erdrich was born in 1954 in Little Falls, Minnesota. Her father was German American and her mother was a Chippewa Indian. Her early schooling was in a Bureau of Indian Affairs which was a boarding school. She wrote throughout her childhood and majored in creative writing in college. She earned a masters degree in creative writing at Johns Hopkins University in 1979 and then she went to Dartmouth as a writer-in-residence. She met her future husband at Dartmouth, Michael Dorris, who was the anthropology professor and of Native American descent. She married him in 1981. In 1982, she won the Nelson Algren fiction competition with the story The Worlds Greatest Fisherman. This story became the first chapter in her book Love Medicine, which is the first novel in a tetralogy that includes The Beet Queen (1986), Tracks (1988), and Bingo Palace (1994). Edrichs fiction has been noted for its lyrical prose and humor. Love Medicine won the National Book Critics Circle Award along with other awards. The book is a collection of interconnected stories focused on the lives of two Chippewa families. She is best known for her novels about the Chippewa. She also published two respected volumes of poetry, Jacklight (1984) and Baptism of Desire (1989). She had several stories in periodicals like the New Yorker, Harpers Magazine, Atlantic Monthly, and Paris Review. Her nonfiction book, The Blue Jays Dance: A Birth Year (1995), consists mainly of autobiographical recollections and meditations on nature and motherhood. The writing of Erdrich is based on reality situations but she doesnt write a biased opinion about the way the characters are living their lives. She doesnt judge them or make their lives out to be more than what they are. Critics have said that her writings reach out to others in very personal ways and throughout all cultures. Change is a major component in all of her writing. One critic, John Purdy, stated that her writings about change are synonymous with death and how it (change) can destroy a life and a person or people. Her writings tell how important our past is and what it can tell about our future. After her tetralogy came the addition of Tales of Burning Love. John Purdy, along with other critics, feel that by understanding her stories of how loss came about and what individuals did to deal with it, it is easier to understand current events, which may be as threatening of past events. It is also learned from the novels that loss doesnt always mean the end it may be the beginning. Another critic, William J. Scheick, had a different perspective than most critics on the four novels. He stated, Louise Erdrichs four novels are collections of loosely connected stories associated more by the generational interaction of the people they concern than by any substantial development of plot. These works lack a conventional structure comprised of a beginning, middle, and end. And instead of decidedly central protagonists, these works present many characters whose memories and identities are as loosely connected as are the stories in which they appear. Later in his critique it is learned that he does respect and appreciate her writing, he just doesnt care for the structure. As you read in her short story The Red Convertible you can clearly see that she wrote about the way that the Chippewa lived in a truthful manner. She includes nature, family and non-family relations in this story as she does in other writings. She uses symbolism in The Red Convertible that relates directly to the Chippewa culture. The title of the story uses the color red and it related to several parts of the story like the river, the car, Red Tomahawk and the Red Sticks. Henry wanted to give the car to Lymon but he didnt want it because he knew that it was a gift and gifts were given by the Chippewa in the event of a death. The represented a curative charm for the brothers. It was something that was supposed to represent Henry and his well being. Lymon thought that if he made sure that Henry did something with the car that he would get better even though he didnt. Henrys dance that is written about is another part of the Chippewa culture that Erdrich often writes about. Dancing is an important part of Native American culture. There seems to be a dance for everything. I think that Henrys dance had to do with the war and how he couldnt deal with being sent to it and now he wanted to die. It is hard to fight an American war when you dont consider yourself to be an American. It is not hard to understand why all cultures enjoy Erdrichs writing. She touches mothers with writings about pregnancy, childbirth, and early infancy. She gets parents to remember raising their own children and the experiences that they had. She focuses on life cycles, which is virtually everything around us because everything has a life cycle. In 1996 she published her first childrens book, Grandmothers Pigeon, a story a stubborn grandmother who leaves her family in the middle of the families vacation and she rides a porpoise back to Greenland. The book has received considerable recognition. Since 1984 she has written or co-authored ten major books, edited Best American Stories of 1993, won numerous literary prizes, and gained a substantial amount of scholarly attention. She did this while raising three adopted children learning disabilities, bearing three daughters, and dealing with the deaths of her oldest, adopted son and two grandparents. In 1996 she was separated from Dorris and on April 10th of 1997 he committed suicide. Today it is said that she and her children are doing well.

Gothic Era and Neo-Gothic Exhibit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gothic Era and Neo-Gothic Exhibit - Essay Example The display will be divided into two. The first is composed of the works of Gothic Art in Europe and the second is the Neo-Gothic or Gothic Revival works or architecture in United States. The reason why such artworks of Europe and America were showcased is because it was in Europe where the movement for Gothic Style started. The Americans, on the other hand, were traditionalists or conservatives and it took years before the Gothic style was adapted in the country. Gothic Art Gothic Art includes architecture, painting, sculpture and even music that started in France as a medieval movement. This movement from the Romanesque era to Gothic as well as Gothic to Renaissance was a stand point and marking of changes in periods in media. The Gothic era is considered a radical movement from the classical Roman Empire Culture. What is noted for this era is that it did not have any relation to the Goths. Gothic Art and Architecture Architecture during the Gothic era is considered one of the most significant and original art forms. An example of the earliest Gothic sculptures which is said to be a revolution in style is the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145). Gothic style is characterized by verticality of structures or high buildings and light. This appearance includes the following features: grouped columns, flying buttresses and corrugated vaults. The Gothic architecture are mostly depicted in castles, town halls, fortresses and cathedrals. Gothic Works of Art EUROPE One of the finest Gothic Structure is the Chartres Cathedral. The Chartres Cathedral is almost perfectly preserved. Its architecture only went through minor changes since the 13th century. It is noted that majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact (www.touropia.com, 10 Gothic Cathedrals of Medieval Europe). It took 140 years for The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore to be completed. This church was built in Gothic style and known as one of Florence’s most beautiful cathedrals and symbol of the city. The external design of the church is made of polychrome marble panels in color green and pink surrounded by white. This very beautiful church is one of the largest in Italy and the dome is the largest in the world. The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore remains to be largest brick dome in the world (www.touropia.com, 10 Gothic Cathedrals of Medieval Europe). The Gothic Revival and the Conservative America Years after the Gothic period rose the era characterized by Victorian style on which details from Gothic Cathedrals and other medieval architecture were revived. In early twentieth century, Gothic Revival ideas were applied to skyscrapers. These twentieth Century Gothic Revival buildings are most commonly called Neo-Gothic. It was in early 1800’s when the recognition Gothic Architectural Revival surge. All throughout the entire United States, New York’s second Trinity Church was only one major building constructed that used Gothic Style. America remained relatively conservative in architecture thus any new styles have hard time gaining a hold. Gothic architecture took years to reach popularity of which it was capable of. If not because of the growing relationship of the United States with England, Gothic would not have gained a foothold in America. The Americans accepted the style because of the symbolisms behind it (Powell 1995). The United States is considered to have always been a melting pot of different cultures due to migration of people

Death with Dignity and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Death with Dignity and the Law - Essay Example It is noticeable that Virginia had been suffering from this condition since 1969, and George had been taking care of her ever since. One way George’s act can be interpreted, assuming that he has tried to manipulate the legal authorities, is that he too wanted to put an end to this lifelong service of taking care of Virginia, since according to the deputies, George himself came up with the thought that Virginia did not want any medical care at all, as he has been reported saying that she, â€Å"She didn't want to go to that hospital ... start cutting her toes of† (Skoloff). George and Virginia discussed that being admitted to the hospital is like getting a death sentence, so this was not a favorable option for them. Most probably, George was in a position to have Virginia change her mind even if she did not want to be hospitalized. The details of the incident do not speak of a single moment where George tried to convince Virginia to seek medical care for the treatment of her condition. All he did was cooperate with Virginia in putting an end to her life first by refusing to have her hospitalized and then by fulfilling her wish to be killed. ... Challenges associated with euthanasia Neither George nor Virginia thought about the challenges lying ahead for George in case of having him kill her that could be totally avoided if Virginia put an end to her life herself. Apparently, one cannot sense love in the act of a husband killing his wife especially when the wife was fully equipped to kill herself if she was that serious about it. Even before George shot her, Virginia asked him if this would cause pain, and George convinced her that she would not feel anything. This is strange because firstly, George had never experienced the sensation of being shot in his own entire life so he was not competent to tell her whether this would hurt or not, and secondly, it takes little common sense to tell that shooting somebody hurts. According to George, he and Virginia understood the medical procedure as comprising cutting the dead body tissue after which, Virginia would be taken to a nursing home where she would have to stay until her deat h. Choice of method for euthanasia The most controversial part of the incident is the use of .22 caliber revolver by George to commit the premeditated murder and later called over the part-time caregiver of Virginia to make the confession. George and the caregiver called 911 separately. Meanwhile, Virginia had not died. When George was found on the front porch by the deputies, Virginia was placed in the wheelchair and was alive, still breathing. George did an incomplete job leaving Virginia alive even after shooting her.  

Effects of Technology on the Hr Function Essay Example for Free

Effects of Technology on the Hr Function Essay Critically analyse the ways in which the increasing application of technology at work have an effect upon the HR function. The use of technology within HRM has grown considerably within recent years with the majority of large organisations now using technology of some form within their HR function (CIPD, 2005). As HR becomes increasingly reliant on technology it is important to assess its effect upon the HR function. Firstly, consideration will be given to definition of terms along with a description of the uses of technology within the HR function. Next the change in the structure of the HR profession that has developed alongside the emerging and growing use of technology will be addressed. The goals of the use of technology which have been afforded a significant amount of attention within the literature will then be outlined along with consideration of the realisation of these goals. In addition, the effect of shared service centres, which make significant use of technology, upon the role of HR practitioners will be addressed in conjunction with the views of HR practitioners themselves. Whilst little attention has been given to the situating of the use of technology in HR within a wider sociological perspective in the academic literature, an attempt will be made to consider the effect of technology upon HR within such a debate. Finally, conclusions will be drawn as to the impact of the use of technology upon the HR function. It is firstly important to consider what is meant by the use of technology within the HR function. The term e-HRM is frequently used to refer to the use of technology within the HR function. The use of e-HRM varies enormously within organisations and may be used for different purposes (Parry et al. 2007). The term Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is also used to refer to any system that helps an organisation to â€Å"acquire, store, manipulate, analyse, retrieve and distribute information about an organisation’s human resources† (Tannenbaum, 1990, p.28). However, the use of technology within HR is broader than the use of HRIS and may encompass manager and employee self-service, the use of staff intranets and e-enabled processes such and recruitment and performance management amongst others (Reilly, 2012). It is acknowledged that some current research focuses on the more recent developments in web-based technology, collectively referred to as social media technologies or Web 2.0 (see Reddington, 2012). However, the use of Web 2.0 is outwith the focus of this discussion. HRIS was originally used for standardising the gathering of information about and for employees (Kovach et al. 2002). However, the use of HRIS has subsequently developed and is now used more broadly for purposes such as recruitment and selection, learning and development, administration of flexible benefits and performance appraisal (Grensing-Pophal, 2001) or to manage HR and employee information across the whole employment cycle (Parry et al. 2007). Technology has also been increasingly associated with supporting integrated call centres, shared service centres and the use of manager and employee self-service (CIPD, 2007). There is a great emphasis in the literature about the potential goals of e-HRM (Marler, 2009; Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004). However, there has been less emphasis on whether these goals have been realised in reality (Parry and Tyson, 2011; Strohmeier, 2007). Alongside the development and increasing use of technology is the development and changing role of the HR function itself. Traditionally the HR function has been seen as being a largely administrative function, focussed on administrative processes such as the maintenance of employee and payroll records (CIPD, 2007). It would appear that in its search for identity and the resulting proposed need for transformation of the function (Ulrich, 1997), HR has made use of technology to attempt to facilitate this transformation (Shirvastava and Shaw, 2003). Ulrich (1997) has argued that HRM should become a strategic business partner, in addition to performing roles as administrative expert, change agent and employee champion. It has been suggested that the use of technology within the HR function may create the opportunity for HR to become more strategic by freeing up time through the automation of many administrative tasks (Parry et al. 2007). The provision of accurate and detailed information available through the use of HRIS could also enable HR practitioners to engage in a more strategic role as such data could be used to inform managerial decisions. The move to new service delivery models of HR and the development of technology can be seen as interdependent as without increasingly sophisticated technology the various elements of HR service delivery may not be as effective (Reddington, 2012). Drivers for introduction of technology can be described as being operational, relational or transformational (Kettley and O’ Reilly, 2003; Snell, Stueber and Lepak, 2002) Operational goals can be described as having a focus on reducing the administrative burden of HR and cost effectiveness, whilst enhancing the accuracy of data; relational goals relate to improving services for internal customers due to reported low levels of satisfaction with the HR function (Kyprianou, 2008) and transformational goals address the strategic aims of the business (Lepak and Snell, 1998; Martin et al. 2008). These drivers of e-HRM can be seen as addressing either transactional or transformational goals (Martin et al. 2008). Transactional goals relate to operational efficiencies or improved service delivery. There is talk of liberating HR through technology (Shirvastava and Shaw 2003) although this strong statement is qualified by the requirement that it informates as opposed to automates HR proc esses. The distinction between automating and informating is made by Zuboff (1988) whereby automating relates to increasing efficiency through computerising work processes and procedures with decreasing dependence on human skills. In contrast, informating refers to increasing effectiveness through acquiring information by using information technology and using that information to create new knowledge. Automating could be seen as relating to addressing operational goals whereas informating could potentially address the relational and transformational goals through provision of information to inform decisions and strategy. Despite the attention to the promise of technology in transforming the HR function, much less attention has been given to the impact of technology on the HR function and whether or not the highly prized strategic orientation of HR has been achieved (Lepak and Snell, 1998, Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003). Studies that relate to whether e-HRM is achieving its operational goals provide some mixed results (Strohmeier, 2007). In practice it would appear that HRIS is having a slightly better (but not statistically significant) impact in areas of information processing, for example improving the speed that information is available and the quality of the information available than in economic terms, such as reducing headcount, lowering operational costs and improving productivity and profitability (CIPD, 2005). However, within this survey, in a third of cases the reduction in administrative burden was less than was to be expected. Stronger support for the operational impact of e-HRM comes from analysis of 10 case studies by Parry et al. (2007) which showed that technology can lead to faster and more efficient processes, greater accuracy and consistency as well as a reduction in costs. A number of other studies also provide some evidence of the impact of technology on operational efficiency ( Marler, 2009; Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004; Ruta, 2005). However, it may be that some caution needs to be exercised in drawing conclusions on the impact of e-HRM in this area as it may be that the efficiencies achieved within the HR function are simply moved elsewhere within the organisation as the responsibility for some tasks is moved from HR to line managers or employees (Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004). There is some positive evidence for the relational impact of e-HRM, notably improvements in HR service delivery achieved through the increased accuracy of data or by simplification of processes (Gardener, Lepak and Bartol, 2003). However, the relational impact of e-HRM appears to have been granted little attention in the literature (Strohmeir, 2007). Whether technology has led to a transformational impact on the HR function appears even less clear than the impact it has had on transactional processes. Despite the identification by many organisations of transformational drivers being important in the adoption of e-HR (Watson Wyatt, 2002; Yeung and Brockbank, 1995) it would seem that the issue of whether e-HRM supports a transformation of the HR function into a strategic business partner is only â€Å"parenthetically addressed† (Strohmeir, 2007, p.28). Indeed, Bondarouk and Ruel (2009, p.508) state â€Å"organisations are definitely silent about whether their HR departments become more strategic with e-HRM†. Where evidence is presented it is contradictory in nature. It would seem that in some cases technology has not led to a more strategic orientation of the HR function and has been used mainly for automating operational processes (Burbach and Dundon, 2005; Dery, Grant and Wiblen, 2009; Kinnie and Arthurs, 1993; Tansley et al. 2001). Indeed, Broderick and Boudreau (1992) found that most organisations have only used technology to support a narrow range of administrativ e decisions, resulting in efficiencies in managing information but that the potential competitive advantage of technology has not been exploited. In contrast, other studies have offered some evidence that e-HRM has supported the strategic integration of HR with business strategy (Olivas-Lujan, Ramirez and Zapata-Cantu, 2007; Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004; Teo, Soon and Fedric, 2001) More recent research has provided some anecdotal evidence for a move towards a more strategic role (Parry and Tyson, 2011) although the evidence supporting the transformational impact compared with the operational and relational appeared to be the weakest. It would appear that there is far greater attention in the literature to the potential for e-HRM to have an impact in the three areas outlined above than there is accorded to the actual outcomes (Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003; Strohmeir, 2007). The reorganisation of the HR function and the introduction of shared service centres appears to have had an impact on numbers of on-site HR staff and a reduction in the number of HR staff to employees (Francis and Keegan, 2006). The operation of such shared service centres relies on technology that is characterised by formalisation, routinisation and centralisation resulting in an impact on staffing of such centres, which require specialised but generally low level HR administrators (Martin and Reddington, 2009). Research that addresses the issue of how HR practitioners have viewed the increasing use of technology appears to be limited to date. There is evidence that some practitioners may view the use of technology and an associated increase in the use of shared service centres cautiously because it has resulted in a reduction of face-to-face relationships, which is often the reason individuals cite for choosing a career in HR (Francis and Keegan, 2006). Martin and Reddington (2009) suggest that the significant role of technology within shared service centres will lead to a lowering of the status of those employed in such environments especially when compared to the status of HR business partners. It is arg ued that there is a risk of deskilling within the administrative function of HR and that staff may be confined to more routine tasks where they had previously had a wider role (Reilly, 2000). It is also suggested that within shared service centres different skills may be required and staff may be employed who have customer service skills but who do not necessarily have a background in HR as technical knowledge can be learned whereas the right attitudes may be harder to learn (Parry et al. 2007; Reilly, 2000). In addition to this, there is evidence that suggests that there a perception amongst HR practitioners of an increasing distance between those at the top and bottom of the career ladder and that people from outwith the HR function are â€Å"parachuting† into the top jobs (Francis and Keegan, 2006). This effect could possibly be explained by the requirement of new areas of expertise, such as technical, consultancy and project management skills (Parry and Tyson, 2011), which may require developing within HR practitioners and could possibly result in recruiting from outside the profession. Indeed a number of reports emphasise the skills of HR staff as a significant barrier to transformation of the HR function (see Reilly, 2012). The debate on the use of technology within HRM can also be situated within a wider sociological perspective. Whilst the sociological literature appears to focus mainly on the use of technology within manufacturing environments or of computerisation in general as opposed to within the HR function an attempt to situate the effect of technology upon HR could be made in terms of attempting to assess the effect upon the organisation of the function and the impact on the level of skills required. The attempts to understand the impact of technology upon the organisation of work have resulted in divergent views. The debate focuses mainly on two opposing views. The managerialist and essentially optimistic perspective associated with writers such as Blauner (1964) argues that the application of technology will render obsolete routine and more manual jobs and create more skilled and complex opportunities resulting in an overall effect of â€Å"upskilling†, along with organisations characterised by decentralised structures, reduction in hierarchy, increased worker autonomy and a prevalence of knowledge workers (for example, Attewell, 1992; Piore and Sabel, 1984) Such analysis suggests that in the earlier phases of industrialisation advances in technology tended to reduce skills and devalue work but that more recent technological developments have had the opposite effect. Examination of the increasing use of technology and its impact on skills levels has provided some evidence for a raising of skills levels (Daniel, 1987, Gaillie, 1991) In contrast, labour process theorists have argued that technological changes have a degrading effect on work and result in â€Å"deskilling† of the labour process and reduced worker autonomy, with a centralised, neo-Taylorist form of organisation, with separation of conception from execution (for example, Braverman, 1974; Zimbalist, 1979). The issues of the expansion of non-manual work and the apparent rising skills levels as suggested by formal skills gradings are not inconsistent with the labour process perspective (Gaillie, 1991) who argues that non-manual work has undergone a major transformation, r esulting in work that is increasingly routinized and mechanised (supported by the increase in office automation). From such a perspective non-manual workers are no longer accorded their relatively privileged position and are now accorded a similar level of skills as manual workers. Support for the process of deskilling can be found in many analyses of the effects of computerised technology (Meiksins, 1994) Analysis of the experience of employees within the call centre environment emphasises the process of deskilling (Desai, 2010) which is described by Taylor and Bain (1999, p.109) as a situation of â€Å"an assembly-line in the head†. The impacts of such call centre roles are often high turnover rates and high levels of absence (Ackroyd, Gordon-Dseagu and Fairhurst, 2006) and the effect on employees is outlined by Rose and Wright (2005, pp.156-157): â€Å"low skilled call centre jobs allied with high levels of technological and management controls do not contribute towards employee well-being and satisfaction† This account of the impact of technology resonates with the description above of shared service centres whose result has been the deskilling of the administrative function of HR and the recruitment of those who do not have a background in HR (Martin and Reddington, 2009; Reilly, 2000). However, whilst it could be argued that a labour process perspective accounts for the effects of technology on some aspects of the HR function, it does not address the effect on the function as a whole as it does not appear to account for the strategic end of the spectrum, where it seems that business partner roles are accorded status and prestige along with substantially increased salaries (Francis and Reddington, 2006). The role of business partners cannot easily be reconciled with the notion of deskilling. There has been a tendency to view the classification of either upskilling or deskilling as too simplistic and some writers have moved away from this conceptualisation of work by postulating that instead there is an increasing polarisation of the workforce in terms of skill level with at one end, highly skilled workers with high levels of autonomy and at the other end a lower skilled sector characterised by an intensification of work through deskilling and management control (Edw ards, 1979), who can be dispensed if surplus to requirements (Berger and Piore, 1981). This polarisation of the workplace appears to be a better reflection of the changing HR function with the autonomous business partner role, with the accompanying perception of a high level of skill and status at one end of the spectrum and at the opposite end, the shared service centre roles characterised by routine and deskilling. In relation to professional work, there is some argument that professionals have not been adversely affected by computerisation and continue to be accorded high status and prestige (Friedson, 1984, 1986). In contrast, it is argued that technology may have differing effects on professionals, depending on the relative status of the profession and on the status of individuals within the profession (Burris, 1998). It is argued that alongside polarisation of the workplace, there tends to be poorer career prospects for non-expert workers (Baran, 1987; Hodson, 1988) with higher level posts being filled from outwith the organisation (Hodson, 1988; Burris 1983,a,b) This issue within HR is highlighted by Reilly (2000) who suggests that there may be less opportunity for career development if lower level staff do not build the experience that they would gain in more generalist roles in traditional HR functions. As stated earlier, there also appears to be a perception that the higher status business partner roles are at least sometimes being filled not just from outwith the organisation but from outwith the HR profession (Francis and Reddington, 2006). Whilst the issue of the impact of technology upon the HR function appears to have been given little attention within research (Lepak and Snell, 1998; Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003) it would seem that what discussion there has been relates mainly to the promise of technology in transforming the HR function and facilitating a more strategic orientation. The reality of the impact of technology in achieving an impact in operational, relational and transformational areas is much less clear although evidence would suggest that the greatest impact is in achieving operational efficiencies. Alongside the development of the use of technology has been the reorganisation of the HR function. Although there has been little attempt to consider the impact of technology from a sociological perspective, it can be argued that the increasing use of technology, which has been used to support the shared service centre model may be resulting in a deskilling of an element of the HR profession and reducing career development paths for some practitioners. In addition, there appears to be a change in skills viewed as necessary within this function, with a focus on customer service skills as opposed to specialist HR knowledge. In contrast, although the evidence for a transformational impact of technology upon HR is weaker and more contradictory, there would appear to be a perception of a higher status role in the business partner, with accordingly higher remuneration, thus demonstrating a polarisation of the HR function in terms of both skills and status. However, this reorganisation of the HR function and the development of a more strategic orientation, which it is argued can be facilitated by the increasing use of technology, although being seen as having an upskilling effect on those in a more strategic role could be argued as achieving the opposite effect if the result is recruiting from outwith the profession. This could leave HR professionals in a precarious position in terms of career and skill development, which could at least in part be attributed to the effect of technology as without increasingly sophisticated technology the new models of service delivery may not be possible or at least may not be as effective. Whilst, a lack of academic attention to the actual impact of technology on the HR function requires that caution is exercised in drawing conclusions, the tendency to focus on the potential impact of technology could be followed in suggesting that the potential of technology in facilitating the move to a transformation of the HR function may be to tend towards a degradation of the HR profession, with low skilled staff employed in shared service centres and more highly skilled and valued business partners being recruited from outwith the HR profession. However, without significant further research in the area, in particular on the impact of technology and the accompanying change in service delivery models upon the career paths and development opportunities for HR practitioners, this conclusion remains just a potential. References Ackroyd, K., Gordon-Dseagu, V. and Fairhurst, P. (2006) â€Å"Well-being and call centres†, Institute of Employment Studies, Brighton [online]. Available at: http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/pdflibrary/mp69.pdf (Accessed 21st November 2012) Attewell, P. (1992) â€Å"Skill and occupational changes in U.S. manufacturing† in Technology and the future of work, P.S. Adler, New York, Oxford University Press. Baran, B. (1987) â€Å"The technological transformation of white collar work†, in Computer chips and paper clips, vol 2, H. Hartmaan, ed., Washington DC, National Academy Press. Berger, S. and Piore, M. (1981) Dualism and discontinuity in industrial societies, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Blauner, R. (1964) Alienation and freedom, Chicago, IL, University Chicago Press Bondarouk, T.V. and Ruel, H.J.M. (2009) â€Å"Electronic human resource management: challenges in the digital era†, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20 (3), pp. 505-514. [online]. Available at: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2343/doi/pdf/10.1080/09585190802707235 (Accessed 10th November 2012) Braverman, H. (1974) Labor and Monopoly Capital, New York, Monthly Review Press Broderick, R. and Boudreau, J.W. (1992) â€Å"Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge†, Academy of Management Perspectives, 6 (2), pp. 7-17. [online]. Available at: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2334/docview/210521060/fulltext PDF/13A99A5CA0029773271/6?accountid=16607 (Accessed 21st November 2012) Burbach, R. and Dundon, T. (2005) â€Å"The strategic potential of human resource information systems: Evidence from the Republic of Ireland†, International Employment Relations Review, 11 (1/2), pp. 97-117. [online]. Available at: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=164472644509297;res=IELBUS (Accessed 21st November 2012) Burris, B.H. (1983a) No room at the top, New York, Praeger Burris, B.H. (1998) â€Å"Computerisation of the workplace†, Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 141-157. [online]. Available at: http://ezproxy.napier.ac.uk:2334/docview/199730349/fulltextPDF/13A94B0278177DBCD7E/8?accountid=16607 (Accessed 10th November 2012) CIPD (2005) People management and technology: progress and potential, London, CIPD. CIPD (2007) HR and Technology: beyond delivery, London, CIPD Daniel, W.W. (1987) Workplace industrial relations and technological change, London, Frances Pinter. Dery, K., Grant, D. and Wiblen, S. (2009) Human resource information systems (HRIS): replacing or enhancing HRM, Paper presented at the 15th World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Association. [online] Available at:http://sydney.edu.au/business/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/72273/IIRA_Dery_et_al_HRIS_Replacing_or_enhancing_HRM_final.pdf (accessed 10th November 2012)

Low Fat Diets, Aerobic Exercise, and Weight Loss: How Does It All Fit? :: Dieting Eating Papers

Low Fat Diets, Aerobic Exercise, and Weight Loss: How Does It All Fit? Introduction: These days it seems that almost everywhere in the media there are claims about the effectiveness of low fat diets and aerobic exercise on weight loss. From billboards, to magazines, to TV, everyone seems to know exactly how to lose weight by eating a low fat diet and /or by exercising on a regular basis. Sample menus and hypothetical exercise routines that are designed to help people lose weight consistently appear in the media, and most come with some type of guarantee that weight loss will follow the "correct and continued use" of the plan. These claims and examples vary from seemingly practical to downright outrageous, with a multitude in between. The problem is that all of these claims and examples are so different from one another the consumer has no way to know which, if any, is the most effective way to lose weight. Is eating less that 15 grams of fat, and exercising 30 minutes each day the most effective way to lose weight? Is eating anything you want, and exercising 90 minut es each day that is the most effective weight loss strategy? Or, is it something completely different? Medical research shows that exercising regularly and eating a well-balance diet that is low in fat can assist in weight loss, as well as provide for better overall health. Finding the best combination of the two is the difficult part. The weight loss business. The weight loss business is booming. The idea of a company developing their own strategy for weight loss, and selling it has been a successful one. Companies such as, Weight Watchers (http://www.weight-watchers.com), and Jenny Craig, have become very well known and very economically successful. Each of these companies has its own theories about losing weight, however, the majority of these companies use a combination of a low fat diet and a regular exercise program to promote weight loss. Many also use a support mechanism such as weekly, or monthly group, or individual meetings to help their clients maintain the program. (http://www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Health/Weight_Loss/Diets_and_Programs/) For example, Jenny Craig offers a program that includes daily menus of selected foods, which they package and provide to the client, and weekly counseling sessions with an employee of Jenny Craig. The daily meals are designed to provide a specific number of calories, which is predetermined by the client’s weight and self-assessed activity level.

Negotiations: Methodologies for Unilateral and Collaborative Situations

Negotiation is the preferred method of communication instead because conflict creates unwanted effects to a working relationship. The articles outlined three essential uses and/or strategies of three different authors whom approach to negotiation fit their industries as well as their creative abilities. In Resolving Real Estate Issues, Gerald M. Levy (1999) addresses four primary steps of negotiation: pre-negotiation, presentation and negotiation, intense, agreement and closing phrase (p. 2). The outline is understandable and workable in any industry in which negotiation is relied upon for optimal results. Meadow discussed the basis of negotiation being an art and science that mixes a party’s ability to bargain with their opponents. The issues stated within the article addressed the basic needs of any individual involved; for instance, â€Å"skilled negotiators can separate the conceptual part of negotiation (the â€Å"science†) from the behavioral aspects of negotiation (the â€Å"art†) to solve the underlying problem that a lawsuit represents (Meadow 1).† This act of negotiation is very intriguing because you are approaching the aspect of negotiation in a law setting in which rules are outlined by the court, but your use of tactics are up to you and your opponents. In The Art and Science of Problem-Solving Negotiation, Meadow (1999) uses detailed examples to corner a creative negotiator’s ability to overthrow sessions (p.2). These tactics fit their personality and the structure increases negotiator’s chances of success in negotiations. Shaping perceptions of alternatives sets in the pre-negotiation phase of negotiation can lower the limits of acceptable agreements. For example, a web design company needs a copywriter with writing skills to boost their profits. The market price for a freelance writer is roughly $20/article, but they are offering a per project basis. In this negotiation, a copywriter will pull for the market price or higher due to years of professional experience. This is an example of Meadow’s (1999) belief in shaping the competition’s objectives to fit that of one’s intentions (p. 5). Without the proper game plan, the art and science of negotiation goes out of the window once more problems arise. As with my example, a negotiator can make commitments, threats, and focal points stick all irrelevant issues aside for a reasonable bargaining set to continue its process within a negotiation. This follows from their previous example. Their ability to highlight this point will make the company re-arrange their current ideal of what a copywriter should be paid per article. Not that it is a threat, but it is a reasonable explanation of why they need to pay the amount instead of losing the writer. In Resolving Real Estate Issues, Gerald Levy (1999) practices influencing aspirations are higher suggestions in return for a need can generate better results (p.2). Once I understand the dynamics and true market price of a copywriter, I may want more for their work. The web design company is trying to use their talents at a cheap price so I will leave them alone for a set period of time to see if their position changes. By contacting their competition about copywriter salaries, I can gain leverage by addressing it in our next meeting. I am boosting their aspirations to receive the payment I deserve and ‘more’ for their services. After I receive this information, I can develop a stronger position in what I deserve. Meadow (1999) and Levy (1999) believe that taking a position will cause an opponent to withdraw from their first perspective of the situation (p. 1 and 3). If one chooses to use strong positions, they must stand firm within decision making so opponents will understand and not budge from previous arguments. For example, if I were asked to accept a lower salary, I will not agree with the web design company and leave the negotiations. This puts my services as a valuable mean for a company’s success in their market. It is very important to keep this in mind while developing a stronger argument for future negotiations. I believe I must remain strong during these steps into a negotiation because companies try to manipulate prospects. These authors were correct in establishing a strong position for unilateral and collaborative situations. In order to create a better outcome on each end, it should remain essential to practice the art of negotiation without budging to the intense negotiation strategies thrown within the conflict. The preferred methods of Meadow (1999) and Levy (1999) can be implemented in numerous settings; one’s flexibility to establish rapport with an opponent without harming or burning bridges is very important (p.3). Meadow’s (1999) objectives can act as repetitive methodology to instruct new negotiators in the law scene. Many other methods can be helpful, but the ideal argumentation comes from the negotiator’s overall motivations. References Cited Menkel-Meadow, Carrie (June 1999). â€Å"The art and science of problem-solving negotiation.† Trial. Washington, p. 1- 7. Levy, Gerald M. (Fall 1999). Resolving Real Estate Issues. Real Estate Issues. Chicago.   Vol. 24, p.1-8.   

Integrating Facebook In Teaching And Learning Education Essay

In this information age people are interacting with a assortment of new engineerings that people in different places try to utilize them to ease their occupations and come up with good consequences. Educators are besides be givening to utilize those engineering tools for more effectual instruction and acquisition by prosecuting and actuating scholars in the acquisition procedure. One of those technological tools is societal networking web sites. Among societal networking web sites facebook is the most popular one which has sucked a immense sum of young person to utilize it for communicating and practical societal interaction. As a effect, many instructors are trying to do a usage of facebook to better the larning out comes and do the acquisition more interesting to the scholars sing to the young person battle in the facebook use and the monolithic sum of clip which they spend in this practical environment. On the other manus, it is important for the pedagogues to cognize which type o f larning manner can profit more from utilizing this sort of engineering or whether there is a large difference in willingness of different acquisition manners for disbursement clip in facebook or non. Facebook is the most used societal web by worldwide active users which was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004 as Harvard-only societal web site. This societal web web site was able to pull a immense sum of users specially youth in a short period of clip. Right now it has more than 500 million active users around the universe. Actually, Facebook is defined as â€Å" a societal public-service corporation that helps people portion information and communicate more expeditiously with their friends, household, and coworkers † ( facebook.com ) . Although at first facebook was launched as Harvard societal web but developed to affect and prosecute other high school pupils, professionals inside corporate webs, and finally everyone who have entree to the on-line universe ( Cassidy, 2006 ) . Facebook allows users to make a personal profile while leting for information sharing, communicating, exposure albums, making a friends list, organizing or using to societal involvement groups, and different sorts of on-line games. In drumhead, Facebook members can portion their exposures, send messages, chat, tag themselves or others on exposures, write on friends ‘ walls, articulation groups, create new groups, portion thoughts in group treatments, add sorts of applications, and play games in Facebook. Facebook has been accessed by 1000000s of users in a short clip while going a portion of users ‘ day-to-day lives ( Ellison, Steinfield, & A ; Lampe, 2007 ; Selwyn, 2007a ) . Some maps and capablenesss of facebook such as enabling equal feedback, goodness of tantrum with societal context, and interaction tools make facebook an educational tool ( Mason, 2006 ) . Learning Manners The impression of larning manners is all about the ways which a scholar prefers to utilize when he/she is larning and retrieving new cognition ( Funda Dag & A ; Aynur Gecer, 2009 ) . Furthermore, Simsek ( 2001 ) stated that larning manner is a group of factors which determines how the pupils psychologically perceive, interact and response to larning environments. Harmonizing to Felder ( 1996 ) , every scholar prefers to larn otherwise. Some scholars can larn in an synergistic relationship with their friends and instructors and sing things by themselves, the others learn with a ocular presence of stuffs and information, and some scholars prefer to do usage of written stuffs and they agree that verbal accounts are more helpful to them. Therefore cognizing about the acquisition manners of the scholars is of import either for pedagogues or scholars. It could be utile for instructors because they will acquire a clear thought about how to learn persons with different larning penchants and besides it would be effectual for scholars to cognize how they learn better and easier. Indeed, there are some popular theoretical accounts to categorise larning manners such as ; David kolb ‘s theoretical account, Honey and mumford ‘s theoretical account, Anthony Gregorc ‘s theoretical account, Sudbury theoretical account of democratic instruction, and Fleming ‘s VAK/VARK theoretical account of larning manners. For the purpose of this survey Fleming ‘s VAK/VARK study was used to research different larning manners of research participants and see how different acquisition manners spend clip in facebook. VARK study tool was created in 1998 to research persons ‘ different acquisition manners. Alkhasawneh, Mrayyan, Docherty, Alashram, Yousef, ( 2007 ) , described ; â€Å" aˆÂ ¦VARK is based upon cognitive development work by Bruner ( 1967 ) and Piaget ( 1990 ) who argued that worlds assimilate environmental cognition through four centripetal modes: ocular, aural, reading and composing, and kinaesthetic ( utilizing tactile centripetal abilities such as a odor and touch ) . VARK is an acronym for Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinesthetic ( Fleming, 2004 ) . VARK is an instrument that is speedy and easy for pupils to utilize and understand. It creates an consciousness of larning manners and provides motive to seek betterments in their acquisition penchant. †MethodInstrument Data is collected by administrating an online and manual study. The study is consists of two subdivisions, the first subdivision leads participants to an on-line VARK questionnaire ( http: //vark-learn.com/english/page.asp? p=quetionnaire ) . Students are required to describe their tonss in an online VARK acquisition manners questionnaire in the manual questionnaire. The 2nd portion of the manual questionnaire consists of two parts. In the first portion, participants were required to reply five demographic inquiries include of their name, age, electronic mail reference, gender, facebook ID. Furthermore, the topographic point where they have normally entree to the Internet, length of clip spent online in facebook, and their rank in any academic group were collected. The 2nd portion, 5-point Likert graduated table with 6 inquiries, was measured participants ‘ clip spent for different activities in facebook. These six inquiries were developed by research worker based on different maps exist in facebook and different activities that a facebook user is able to make. Participants Data was collected from 36 signifier four Malayan Chinese pupils ( 14 Male and22 female ) from SMJK Kwang Hua School in province of Selangor, Kelang. The whole of participants are at the age of 16 old ages old. Two pupils of these 36 are non facebook users. The questionnaires were distributed among pupils and they were expected to make full up them at place sing to their entree to the Internet at place to make full up larning manners questionnaire.Date analysis and consequencesLearning manners:Learning MannersOcularAuralRead/WriteKinestheticEntireMaleFemaleFrequency88614361422Table1: Frequency of each learning manner among participants Harmonizing to pupils ‘ studies on their acquisition manners tonss, among 36 signifier 4 pupils, there are 14 kinaesthetic ( 39 % ) , six read/write ( 17 % ) , eight aural ( 22 % ) , and eight visual ( 22 % ) . The consequences validated this statement from Suffolk County Council ( 2002 ) , â€Å" It has been estimated that up to 37 % of the population are kinaesthetic scholars†¦ . †Different acquisition manners and clip spent in facebookData was collected shows that there are some differences among different larning manners on clip spent in facebook and different activity penchants. The holla tabular array showsQ1: E-PQ2: CHAQ3: ObQ4: ActQ5: W-VQ6: SHAfb/Internetnorm of clip devouring in fbOcular1.252.253.52.52153 %8.1Aural0.752.53.753.252.751.553.5 %5.5Read/Write0.81.62.42.42272 %6.5Kinesthetic0.613.3843.382.921.2364 %8.2Mean0.852.433.412.882.411.43South dakota0.27 0.730.70.50.480.42Table 2: Average of clip spent for each activity in facebook by different acquisition manners scholars Indeed, this tabular array shows ocular and kinaesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 8.1 & A ; 8.2hour/week ) among other scholars in facebook whereas, aural scholars spend the lowest clip in facebook ( 5.5hour/week ) among other scholars. Another consequence which is interesting is that read/write scholars spend about 72 per centum of their clip online in facebook. Chart 1: Different activities in facebook ; Q1: E-P: Educational Purposes Q2: CHA: Chatting Online With Friends Q3: Ob: Reading or Detecting What Others Do Q4: Act: Doing Activities in Facebook Q5: W-V: Watching Videos Q6: SHA: Sharing News and Information about School Harmonizing to the above tabular array and chart ocular, aural, and kinaesthetic scholars spend the highest clip in facebook â€Å" lurking † or reading others ‘ stations while read/write scholars spend an equal clip in facebook lurking and besides to make activities such as composing a position or uploading a image. In fact, pupils with different sorts of tilting manners spend the highest clip in facebook to detect and read whatever their friends do or skulking. On the other manus, pupils with any acquisition manners spend the lowest clip in facebook for educational intents. In fact, ocular scholars spend the highest clip ( 1.25 hour/week ) for educational intents among other larning manners where as kinaesthetic scholars spend the lowest clip ( 0.61 hour/week ) for educational intents. Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 3.38 hours/week ) to chew the fat with their friends while read/write scholars spend the lowest clip ( 1.6 hours/week ) to chew the fat with their friends among other larning manners. Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip ( 4 hours/week ) to detect and read others ‘ activities while read/write learning manner scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2.4 hours/week ) . Kinesthetic scholars spend highest clip to make activities in facebook ( 3.38 hours/week ) while read/write learning manner scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2.4 hours/week ) . Kinesthetic scholars spend the highest clip to watch picture in facebook ( 2.93 hours/week ) , while ocular and read/write scholars spend the lowest clip ( 2 hours/week ) . Read/write scholars manner spend highest clip ( 2 hours/week ) to portion intelligence and information about school and classs while ocular scholars spend the lowest clip ( 1 hour/week ) . Students with read/write larning penchant spend 72 % of their clip online in facebook which it shows although they are non on-line every bit much as others but they spend most of their clip in facebook.Findingss and Discussi onThis survey aimed to calculate out the sum of clip spent in facebook for pupils with different larning manners and besides to happen out activity penchants of facebook users with different larning manners. Sing to the consequences there are some differences in clip spent in facebook for different acquisition manners. For case, the consequences show that ocular and kinaesthetic scholars claimed more clip spent in facebook so it can be concluded that this environment is more interesting and prosecuting to these types of scholars but it does n't intend that this environment is non suited for the other types of scholars with different larning manners like aural or read/write scholars. So any type of larning manners can profit from this environment and instructors can do a smart usage of this societal web web site to prosecute pupils in larning procedure and besides to enrich their acquisition. Furthermore, consequences show that each type of larning manners is interested in skulking o r reading and detecting whatever others do. In this respect, instructors should take into see this sort of pupils ‘ involvement in their instruction schemes and teaching methods. Actually, this is the teacher function to plan, construction, and program in a manner to do the facebook an educational environment. It can be done when a instructor uses facebook in a manner it is and in a manner that it engages pupils to remain in it for a long clip. Teachers should look at the nature of facebook and inquire themselves what has made the facebook popular like this. What is the facebook power that keeps people interested about it? To reply these inquiries some researches should be done. Harmonizing to some surveies that have been done, societal presence and interaction among people could be a ground for this attraction. People enjoy of societal interactivities and showing their sentiments in societal environment. They like to talk out to show themselves and they have wonder to cognize about others. Many instructors tend to utilize facebook for educational purposes because they know most of pupils are interested in utilizing facebook but they face some challenges in the manner of utilizing it because they want to utilize it in a similar manner that they use any other online tools like wikis, moodle, or educational web sites whereas, facebook has a different nature. Teachers can believe about facebook in a different manner. In a manner to reenforce face to confront schoolroom larning. They should inquire pupils to come to the facebook and portion their perceptual experiences, believes, thoughts, sentiments, and definitions about different constructs and topics to acquire more familiar with each other ‘s perceptual experiences, acquire more thoughts about different educational affairs and open up their heads about different affairs. For case, a mathematics instructor begins learning fractions in schoolroom and so asks pupils to take part in their class facebo ok group and reply the instructor ‘s inquiry. The inquiry could be why do we hold to larn fraction? Why it is of import to larn about fraction and it can be used in our life? To reply these inquiries pupils have to believe, hunt, and explore and so come up with different replies and discuss with their schoolmates about their findings. Right now, the instructor can do certain that they are more interested in larning fraction because they know how of import is the acquisition of this subject and furthermore they will be more curiose to see is their sentiments and thoughts about fraction comes true or non. Actually this survey has some restrictions. First, because the information was collected from merely 36 Chinese race pupils, it could non be generalized. In add-on, it has been limited to a study method. The consequences could be more accurate if there were some qualitative methods of informations aggregation.DecisionSocial webs, particularly facebook are used by a immense sum of pupils anyplace in the universe. As a consequence, most of instructors are interested in utilizing this societal environment to prosecute pupils in larning procedure. It is important for instructors to cognize whether facebook is suited for all pupils with any type of larning penchants or non. This survey showed that ocular and kinaesthetic scholars spend more clip in facebook but it does n't intend that the other types of acquisition manners do n't utilize facebook. Indeed, it depends more on instructors to take the best scheme to suit the demands of any type of larning penchants. Teachers should reply this inquiry ; â€Å" How to prosecute my pupils in an academic facebook group? † or â€Å" what makes the facebook so popular among young person and how to do a usage of this characteristic to prosecute pupils in larning activities? † This survey has been done on a little group of participants ( 36, 16 twelvemonth old pupils ) . Further surveies should be done on mo re sums of samples. Furthermore, some surveies should be conducted to happen out in which manner educational usage of facebook can be more interesting for scholars.